Dogs give us unconditional love throughout their lives, and as they age, they need our support more than ever. While every dog is unique, most are considered senior dogs around age 7, though this depends on breed and size. Large and giant breeds (like Great Danes and Saint Bernards) may enter their senior years as early as 5–6 years old, while small breeds (like Chihuahuas and Toy Poodles) often remain active into their early teens.

Aging in dogs isn’t a disease—it’s a natural process. But senior dogs are more vulnerable to certain health issues. Understanding these problems, recognizing early symptoms, and knowing how to manage them can make a huge difference in your dog’s comfort and lifespan.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to the 10 most common senior dog health problems, with practical solutions you can start using today.

1. Lumps, Tumors, and Cancer

One of the most common concerns for older dogs is abnormal lumps or growths. While many are benign, others may be cancerous. In fact, nearly 50% of dogs over age 10 develop some form of cancer.

What to look for:

• Lumps that grow quickly

• Non-healing wounds

• Weight loss, loss of appetite

• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea

What you can do:

• Perform monthly “lump checks” by gently feeling your dog’s body.

• Schedule a vet exam for any new or changing lumps.

• Ask your vet about newer canine cancer screening tests.

👉 Learn more: Canine Cancer Awareness

2. Arthritis and Joint Problems

Osteoarthritis affects millions of senior dogs, especially larger breeds. It’s caused by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to stiff, painful joints.

Symptoms:

• Trouble standing after rest

• Stiff walking or limping

• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs

How to help:

• Maintain a healthy weight – excess weight worsens arthritis.

• Use orthopedic dog beds to reduce joint pressure.

• Add joint supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids).

• Try low-impact exercise like swimming or short walks.

3. Heart Disease

About 75% of senior dogs develop some form of heart disease, most commonly valve disease or heart murmurs.

Warning signs:

• Persistent cough

• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath

• Fatigue, fainting spells

• Swollen abdomen (fluid retention)

What to do:

• Schedule bi-annual vet visits for seniors.

• Maintain a low-sodium diet.

• Follow your vet’s treatment plan, which may include heart medications.

4. Liver Disease

The liver helps with digestion and detoxification, so liver problems can affect many body functions.

Symptoms:

• Weight loss, loss of appetite

• Vomiting, diarrhea

• Increased thirst and urination

• Yellow gums or eyes (jaundice)

How to support liver health:

• Feed a vet-approved liver-support diet.

• Use milk thistle or SAMe supplements (with vet approval).

• Avoid medications or toxins harmful to the liver.

5. Cushing’s Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism)

Caused by excess cortisol, Cushing’s disease is common in middle-aged to senior dogs.

Symptoms:

• Pot-bellied appearance

• Excessive thirst and urination

• Hair thinning or hair loss

• Lethargy, panting

Management:

• Requires blood testing to confirm.

• Treated with lifelong medication and close vet monitoring.

6. Hypothyroidism

When the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, metabolism slows down.

Symptoms:

• Unexplained weight gain

• Lethargy, cold intolerance

• Dry, thinning coat or bald patches

Treatment:

• Daily thyroid hormone medication.

• Dogs usually bounce back with renewed energy.

7. Dental Disease

Dental issues affect over 80% of dogs over 3 years old and are almost universal in seniors. Poor dental health can even affect the heart, liver, and kidneys.

Symptoms:

• Bad breath

• Difficulty chewing

• Drooling, pawing at the mouth

• Loose or discolored teeth

Prevention:

• Brush daily with dog-safe toothpaste.

• Provide dental chews and toys.

• Schedule professional cleanings.

👉 Learn more: Dog Dental Health 

8. Cognitive Dysfunction (Dog Dementia)

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is similar to dementia in humans.

Symptoms:

• Confusion, pacing, staring at walls

• Accidents indoors

• Changed sleep cycles

• Anxiety or restlessness

How to help:

• Keep a consistent daily routine.

• Use puzzle toys and enrichment games.

• Ask your vet about special diets and supplements with antioxidants and omega-3s.

9. Obesity

Over 50% of U.S. dogs are overweight, and senior dogs are at highest risk. Obesity worsens arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease.

Solutions:

• Switch to a senior dog food formula with fewer calories.

• Use puzzle feeders to slow eating.

• Encourage light exercise like short, frequent walks.

10. Diabetes

Common in dogs aged 7–10, diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar.

Symptoms:

• Increased thirst and urination

• Weight loss despite eating more

• Cloudy eyes (cataracts)

• Frequent infections

Management:

• Lifelong insulin injections

• Low-fat, high-fiber diet

• Regular vet checkups to monitor blood glucose

👉 More info: Diabetes in Dogs 

Other Senior Dog Issues to Watch For

• Incontinence → dog diapers and pee pads can help keep your home clean.

• Vision & Hearing Loss → dogs adapt with smell, but keep furniture placement consistent.

• Kidney Disease → look for increased thirst, weight loss, and poor coat quality.

How Often Should Senior Dogs Visit the Vet?

We recommend every 6 months for senior dogs. Even small problems can progress quickly in older pets. Preventive care is the best way to ensure your dog’s golden years are happy and comfortable.

Final Thoughts

Caring for a senior dog requires patience, attention, and proactive care. From arthritis to cognitive decline, many age-related health problems can be managed with early detection, proper nutrition, supplements, and lifestyle adjustments.

Most importantly, remember that aging doesn’t mean suffering. With love, regular vet care, and the right tools (like orthopedic beds, diapers, and supplements), your senior dog can continue to live a happy, comfortable, and dignified life by your side.

👉 If your senior dog is struggling with incontinence, explore our Senior Dog Diapers & Pee Pads Collection for comfort and peace of mind.